List of rulers of Damascus

This is a list of rulers of Damascus from ancient times to the present.

General context: History of Damascus.

Contents 1 Canaanite 2 Aram Damascus 3 Period of non-independence 4 Umayyad dynasty 4.1 Umayyad emirs 4.2 Umayyad dynasty ruling in Damascus 5 Abbasid emirs 6 Fatimid emirs 7 Seljuq emirs 8 Burid emirs 9 Zengid atabegs 10 Ayyubid sultans 11 Mameluk Bahrid emirs 12 Ottoman walis 13 Hashemite kingdom 14 Capital of Syria 15 See also 16 External links

Canaanite

• Uz ben Shem (c. 2500 BC?)
• Biryawaza (14th century BC)

Aram Damascus

• Rezon I (c. 950 BC)
• Tabrimmon
• Ben-Hadad I (c. 885 BCE-c. 865 BC)
• Hadadezer (c. 865 BC-c. 842 BC)
• Hazael (c. 842 BC-c. 804 BC)
• Ben-Hadad III (c. 796 BC)
• Tab-El (c. 770 BC)
• Rezon II (c. 740 BC-732 BC)

Period of non-independence

• to Assyria (732 BC-609 BC)
  • Ilu-Ittia (c. 8th century BC)
• to Babylon (609 BC-539 BC)
• to Persia (539 BC-332 BC)
• to Macedon (332 BC-323 BC)
• to Antigonids (323 BC-301 BC)
• to Egypt (301 BC-198 BC)
• to Seleucids (198 BC-167 BC)
• to Ituraea (167 BC-110 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids)
• to the Decapolis (110 BC-85 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids)
• to Nabataea (85 BC-64 BC)
• to the Roman Republic/Roman Empire/Byzantine Empire (64 BC-635)
  • to the Ghassanids (529-584; ?-635)

Umayyad dynasty

Umayyad emirs

• Khalid ibn al-Walid (635-636)
• Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah (636-637)
• Amr ibn al-Aas (637-640)
• Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (640)
• Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640-661)

Umayyad dynasty ruling in Damascus

• Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan (661-680)
• Yazid I ibn Muawiyah (680-683)
• Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683-684)
• Marwan I ibn Hakam (684-685)
• Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705)
• al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik (705-715
• Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik (715-717)
• Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (717-720 )
• Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik (720-724)
• Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (724-743)
• al-Walid II ibn Yazid II (743-744)
• Yazid III ibn al-Walid (744)
• Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (744)
• Marwan II ibn Muhammad (ruled from Harran in the Jazira, 744-750)

Abbasid emirs

• Abdallah ibn Ali (750-753)
• Salih ibn Ali (753)
• Abd al-Bahhab ibn Ibrahim al-Abbasi (754-764)
• ?
• Al-Fadl ibn Salih (766-775)
• ?
• Abu Ja'far Harun al-Rashid (783-786)
• ?
• Ibrahim as-Salih (791-793)
• Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki (793-794)
• Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (794-797)
• Ja'far ibn Yahya (797-803)
• Shuyat ibn Hadim (803-804)
• ?
• Yahya ibn Muad (808-810)
• Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (810-811)
• Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (811-815)
• Tahir ibn al-Husein (815-821)
• Abdallah ibn Tahir (821-822)
• ?
• Abu Ishaq Muhammad al-Mu'tasim (828-829)
• al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun (829-833)
• 'Ali ibn Ishaq (833-841)
• Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841-847)
• Malik ibn Sauq al-Taglibi (847-850)
• Ibrahim al-Muyad ibn Mutawakkil (850-855)
• al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856-861)
• 'Isa ibn Muhammad ibn al-Shayh (861-864)
• ?
• Amajur (871-872)
• Abu Ahmad Talha al-Muwaffak ibn Mutawakkil (872-877)
• to Egypt (877-969)
  • Tughj ibn Jauf (896)
  • Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Ikshidi (896-933)
  • Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Kaigaliq (933-935)
  • directly to Egypt (935-943)
  • Hamdanid dynasty
    • Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943-945)
    • Saif ad-Dawlah Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Abu al-Shuja (945)
    • Muhammad ibn Raik (945-946)
    • Saif ad-Dawlah Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Abu al-Shuja (946)
  • directly to Egypt (Ikhshidid dynasty, 946-969)

Fatimid emirs

• Abu Ali Jafar ibn Fallah al-Katami (969-971)
• ?
• Zalim inbn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973-974)
• Jaysh ibn Muhammad (974)
• Rayn al-Muizzi (974)
• Alp Tegin al-Muizzi (974-977)
• Qassam al-Turab (977-983)
• Bal Tegin al-Turki (983)
• Bakjur (983-991)
• Munir al-Hadim (991)
• Magu Tegin (993-996)
• Sulayman ibn Fallah (996)
• Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997-998)
• Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998-1000)
• Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000–1002)
• Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002–1004)
• Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004–1009)
• Hamid ibn Mulham (1009)
• Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010–1011)
• Badr al-Attar (1011–1012)
• Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012–1014)
• Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015–1021)
• Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021–1023)
• Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023–1024)
• Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024–1028)
• Anushtegin ad-Dizbari (1028–1041)
• Nasir ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Husein al-Hamdani (1041–1048)
• Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048–1049)
• Uddat ad-Dawlah Rifq al-Mustansiri (1049)
• Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049–1058)
• Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058)
• Nasir ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Husein al-Hamdani (1058–1060)
• Sebuq Tegin (1060)
• Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060–1061)
• Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061)
• Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061)
• Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061–1063)
• Badr al-Jamali (1063)
• Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063–1067)
• Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068–1069)
• Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069–1071)
• ?
• Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075–1076)

Seljuq emirs

• Abaaq al-Khwarazmi (1076–1079)
• Tutush I (1079–1095)
• Duqaq (1095–1104)
• Tutush II (1104)
• Muhi ad-Din Baqtash (1104)

Burid emirs

• Zahir ad-Din Toghtekin (1104–1128)
• Taj al-Muluk Buri (1128–1132)
• Shams al-Mulk Ismail (1132–1135)
• Shihab ad-Din Mahmud (1135–1139)
• Jamal ad-Din Muhammad (1139–1140)
• Mu'in ad-Din Unur (Regent, 1140–1149)
• Mujir ad-Din Abaq (1140–1154)

Zengid atabegs

• Nur ad-Din Mahmud (1154–1174)
• As-Salih Ismail al-Malik (1174)

Ayyubid sultans

• Saladin (1174–1186)
• Al-Afdal (1186–1196), Son of Saladin
• Al-Adil I (1196–1218)
• Al-Mu'azzam (1218–1227)
• An-Nasir Dawud (1227–1229)
• Al-Ashraf (1229–1237)
• As-Salih Ismail (1237)
• Al-Kamil (1237–1238)
• Al-Adil II (1238–1239)
• As-Salih Ayyub (1239)
• As-Salih Ismail (1239–1245)
• As-Salih Ayyub (1245–1249)
• Turanshah (1249–1250)
• An-Nasir Yusuf (1250–1260)

Mameluk Bahrid emirs

• ?
• Sunkur al-Ashkar (1275–1280)
• Lajin al-Askhar (1280-?)
• Akush Beg (c. 1290s)
• Izz ad-Din Ayback (?-1296)
• Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296–1297)
• Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297–1312)
• Sayf ad-Din Tanqiz as-Nasiri (1312–1340)
• Yilbugha al-Nasiri (1340–1350)
• Sayf ad-Din Manjak (1350)
• Tash Timur (c. 1380)
• Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?-1393)
• Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393–1399)
• Sudun (1399–1400)
• occupied by Timur (1400–1401)
• Taghribirdi al-Zahiri (1401-?)
• ?
• Kijmas (c. 1470s)
• Ghazali Arab (c. 16th century)
• Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516–1517)
• Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518–1521)

Ottoman walis

• Yunus Pasha (c. 1516)
• Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518-1521)
• Aiyaz Pasha (1521–1522)
• Ferhad Pasha (1522–1523)
• Hurram Pasha (1523–1525)
• Sulayman Pasha al-Tawashi (1525–1526)
• Lutf Pasha (1526–1528)
• Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1528–1531)
• Mustafa Ablaq Pasha (1531–1534)
• Lutf Pasha (1534–1535)
• Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1535)
• Mohammad Kuzal Pasha (1536–1537)
• Topal Sulayman Pasha (1537–1538)
• Ahmed Pasha I (1538–1539)
• Qese Husrau Pasha (1539–1541)
• Isa Pasha (1541–1543)
• Piri Pasha (1543–1545)
• Hadim Sinan Pasha (1545–1550)
• Piri Pasha (1550–1551)
• Mohammad Pasha Bartaki (1551–1552)
• Shamsi Ahmed Pasha (1552–1555)
• Hizr Pasha (1555–1561)
• Ali Pasha Lankun (1561–1563)
• Khusrau Pasha I (1563)
• Lala Mustafa Pasha (1563–1569)
• Murad Pasha Shaitan (1569)
• Ali Pasha Lankun (1569–1570)
• Haji Ahmed Pasha (1570–1571)
• Lala Jafar Pasha (1574–1575)
• Murad Pasha (1575–1577)
• Hasan Pasha I (1577–1581)
• Bahram Pasha (1581–1582)
• Husein Pasha I (1582–1583)
• Hasan Pasha I (1583)
• Qubad Sulayman Pasha (1584)
• Hasan Pasha I (1585–1586)
• Uways Pasha (1586–1587)
• Mohammas Pasha Farhad (1587–1588)
• Uways Pasha (1588–1589)
• Elwanzade Ali Pasha (1589–1590)
• Kocha Sinan Pasha (1590)
• Hasan Pasha I (1590–1591)
• Mustafa Pasha I (1591–1592)
• Khalil Pasha (1592–1593)
• Qachirji Mohammad Pasha (1593–1594)
• Hasan Pasha I (1594)
• Murad Pasha (1594–1595)
• Khusrau Pasha II (1595–1596)
• Razia Hutunzade Mustafa Pasha (1596–1597)
• Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1597–1598)
• Ahmed Pasha II (1598)
• Ahmed Pasha III (1598)
• Khusrau Pasha II (1599)
• Seyyed Mehmed Pasha (1599–1600)
• Othman Pasha (1601–1603)
• Farhad Pasha Bustanji (1603–1604)
• Mustafa Pasha II (1604–1607)
• Mahmud Pasha (1607–1608)
• Sufi Sinan Pasha (1608–1609)
• Ahmad al-Hafiz (1609–1615)
• Silihdar Mehmed Pasha (1615–1617)
• Ahmad al-Hafiz (1618–1619)
• Mustafa Pasha III (1619–1620)
• Sulayman Pasha I (1620–1621)
• Murtaza Pasha Bustanji (1621–1622)
• Mehmed Pasha Rushand (1622–1623)
• Mustafa Pasha al-Hannaq (1623–1624)
• Nigdeli Mustafa Pasha (1624–1625)
• Gurju Mehmed Pasha I (1625–1626)
• Tayar Oglu Mehmed Pasha (1626–1628)
• Küçük Ahmed Pasha (1628–1629)
• Mustafa Pasha IV (1629–1630)
• Nawaya Mehmed Pasha (1630–1631)
• Ilyas Pasha (1632–1633)
• Deli Yusuf Pasha (1633–1635)
• Küçük Ahmed Pasha (1635–1636)
• Dervish Mehmed Pasha I (1636–1638)
• Mustafa Pasha IV (1638–1639)
• Chifteli Othman Pasha (1639–1640)
• Mehmed Pasha I (1640–1641)
• Serji Ahmed Pasha (1641–1642)
• Melik Ahmed Pasha (1642–1643)
• Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha (1643)
• Silihdar Yusuf Pasha (1643–1644)
• Gurju Mehmed Pasha II (1644–1645)
• Ibrahim Pasha I (1645)
• Mehmed Pasha Salami (1645–1646)
• Gürcê Mehmed (1646)
• Silihadar Yusuf Pasha (1646–1647)
• Sufi Murteza Pasha (1647)
• Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648)
• Damad Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (1649)
• Mehmed Pasha II (1649–1650)
• Silihdar Murtaza Pasha (1650)
• Siwasli Mustafa Pasha (1650–1651)
• Ag Ahmed Pasha (1651-1562)
• Deftarzade Mehmed Pasha (1653–1655)
• Qara Murad Pasha (1655)
• Qeprulu Fazil Ahmed Pasha (1659–1661)
• Sulayman Pasha II (1661–1663)
• Ribleli Mustafa Pasha (1663–1665)
• Salih Pasha I (1665–1666)
• Qara Mustafa Pasha (1666–1667)
• Mehmed Pasha Chewish Oglu (1667–1669)
• Ibrahim Pasha Shaytan (1669–1671)
• Abazekh Husein Pasha (1671–1672)
• Qara Mehmed Pasha (1672–1673)
• Ibrahim Pasha Shushman (1673–1674)
• Qer Husein Pasha (1674–1675)
• Ibrahim Pasha II (1675–1676)
• Osman Pasha Bustarji (1676–1679)
• Abazekh Husein Pasha (1679–1683)
• Ibrahim Pasha III (1684)
• Osman Pasha Bustarji (1684–1685)
• Kaplan Pasha (1686–1687)
• Arab Salih Pasha (1687–1688)
• Hamza Pasha (1688–1689)
• Silihdar Mustafa Pasha (1689–1690)
• Murtaza Pasha (1690–1691)
• Gurju Mehmed Pasha III (1691–1692)
• Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (1693–1694)
• Silihdar Osman Pasha (1695–1696)
• Silihdar Buuqli Mustafa Pasha (1696–1697)
• Ahmad Pasha Hacigirai (1697–1698)
• Silihdar Husein Pasha (1699)
• Silihdar Hasan Pasha (1700)
• Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1701)
• Salih Agha (1702)
• Mehmed Pasha Kurd Bajram (1702–1703)
• Pasha-ojlu (1703)
• Osman Pasha Arnavud (1703)
• Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1703–1704)
• Mustafa Pasha V (1704)
• Firari Hüseyin Pasha (1704–1705)
• Mehmed Pasha Kurd Bajram (1705–1706)
• Pasha-ojlu (1706)
• Baltaci Süleyman Pasha (1706–1707)
• Yusuf Pasha Qubtan Helvaci (1707)
• Halebli Hüseyin Pasha (1707)
• Osmanzade Nasuh Pasha al]]-[[Aydini (1708–1714)
• Cerkes Mehmed Pasha the Circassian (1714)
• Mehmed Pasha III (1714)
• Topal Yusuf Pasha (1715)
• Nevsehirli Damad Ibrahim Pasha (1716–1717)
• Köprülüzade Abd Allah Pasha (1717–1718)
• Reçeb Pasha (1718)
• Abu Tawq Matuqzade Osman Pasha (1718)
• Küçük Osman Pasha (1719–1720)
• Ali Pasha Maqtulojlu (1720–1723)
• Abu Tawq Matuqzade Osman Pasha (1723–1725)
• Azamzade Ismail Pasha (1725–1730)
• Osman Aça (1730)
• Qara Süleyman Aça (acting) (1730)
• Aidinli Abdallah Pasha (1730–1731)
• vacant (1731–1734)
• Azamzade Süleyman Pasha (1734–1738)
• Hüsein Pasha II (1738)
• Abu Tawq Matuqzade Osman Pasha (1739)
• Abdi Pashazade Ali Pasha (1740)
• Azamzade Süleyman Pasha (1741–1743)
• Azamzade Esad Pasha (1743–1757)
• Mekkizade Hüseyin Pasha (1757)
• Ishalyq Mehmed Pasha (1759–1760)
• Uthman Pasha al-Kurzi (1760–1771)
• Azamzade Mehmed Pasha (1771–1772)
• Hafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanci (1772–1773)
• Azamzade Mehmed Pasha (1773–1783)
• Osmanzade Mehmed Pasha (1783)
• Osmanzade Dervish Pasha (1783–1784)
• Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar (1784–1786)
• Hüseyin Pasha Battal (1786–1787)
• Abdi Pasha (1787–1788)
• Ibrahim Pasha al-Halabi (1788–1789)
• vacant (1789–1790)
• Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar (1790–1795)
• Azamzade Abdallah Pasha (1795–1798)
• Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar (1798–1799)
• Azamzade Abdallah Pasha (1799–1803)
• Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar (1803–1804)
• Azamzade Abdallah Pasha (1804-807)
• Kunj Yusuf Pasha (1807–1810)
• Süleyman Pasha Silahdar (1810–1818)
• Salih Pasha II (1818)
• Abdallah Pasha II (1819–1821)
• Dervish Mehmd Pasha II (1821–1822)
• Mustafa Pasha IV (1822–1826)
• vacant (1826–1828)
• Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1828–1831)
• Benderli Mehmed Selim Sırrı Paşa (1831–1832)
• to Egypt, autonomous from the Ottoman Empire
  • Ahmed Bey (1831–1832)
  • Ibrahim Pasha IV (1832)
  • Muhammad Sharif Pasha (1832–1838)
  • vacant (1838–1840)
• Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1840–1841)
• Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1841–1844)
• Mehmed Namiq Pasha (1845–1846)
• Riza Pasha (1845–1846)
• Musa Sefveti Pasha (1846)
• Namiq Pasha (1848)
• Mehmed Namiq Pasha (1848–1850)
• Osman Pasha Said Pasha (1850–1852)
• Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1852)
• Açaf Pasha (1852–1854)
• Arif Mehmed Pasha (1854–1855)
• Mehmed Namiq Pasha (1855)
• Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1856–1857)
• Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1857)
• Ali Pasha II (1858)
• Mu'amer Pasha (1860)
• Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1860–1861)
• Ahmed Pasha IV (1861)
• Emin Muhlis Pasha (1861–1862)
• Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1862–1864)
• Müterçim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha (1864–1865)
• Reshid Pasha (1865–1871)
• Subhi Pasha (1871–1873)
• Sherif Mehmed Re'uf Pasha (1873–1874)
• Esad Pasha (1874–1875)
• Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1875–1876)
• Ahmed Pasha V (1876–1877)
• Küçük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (1877–1878)
• Ali Haydar Midhat Pasha (1878–1879)
• Hamdi Pasha (1880–1885)
• Rashid Nashid Pasha (1885–1888)
• Manastirli Mehmed Nazif Pasha (1888–1889)
• Mustafa Asim Pasha (1889–1891)
• Topal Osman Nuri Pasha (1891–1892)
• Sherif Mehmed Rauf Pasha (1892–1894)
• Haçi Osman Nuri Pasha (1894–1895)
• Hasan Pasha II (1896–1897)
• Nazim Pasha (1897–1906)
• Shukri Pasha (1906–1909)
• Ismail Fazil Bey (1909–1911)
• Ismail Ghalib Bey (1911–1912)
• Kiazim Pasha (1912–1913)
• Arif Bey (1913)
• Mehmed Arif Bey Mardin (1914)
• Jamal Pasha (1915)
• Azmi Pasha (1915–1916)
• Tahsin Bey (1916–1918)
• Mehmed Gabriel Pasha (1918)
• Shukri Pasha (October 1–2, 1918)

Hashemite kingdom

• Faisal (1918–1920)

Capital of Syria

• to France (1920–1946)
• Republic of Syria (1946–1958)
• United Arab Republic (1958–1961)
• Republic of Syria (1961–present)

See also

• Rulers of Aleppo

External links

• Syria and Damascus from Hostkingdom.net